Ceuta Migration Crisis: Spain says tens of thousands of migrants surged into Ceuta from Morocco after traffickers allegedly misread a late-June Supreme Court ruling, with the legal change narrowly tied to due process for people intercepted at sea; Spain has tightened security, most arrivals have been sent back, and deaths are reported in the dozens as Europe debates border controls. Western Sahara Energy & Tech: The U.S. Trade and Development Agency approved $5.7M for early studies for a green ammonia project in Western Sahara, with hydrogen from renewables, marking the first U.S. federal backing for a private-sector project there. Local Diplomacy in Laayoune: Laayoune officials framed U.S. recognition of Moroccan sovereignty as opening a new era of cooperation, while a U.S. ambassador visit is expected to include green hydrogen-related talks. Regional Water Science: Libya and Algeria agreed a roadmap to boost irrigation and water cooperation, including desalination, wastewater, flood protection, and joint technical teams. Climate Pressure: A week of extreme heat and wildfires across Europe is linked to major excess deaths, underscoring the tech and public-health stakes of a warming world. Western Sahara Rights Debate: A symposium in Algiers reiterated Western Sahara as an unfinished decolonisation case, calling for a UN-supervised self-determination referendum and warning against efforts to bypass Sahrawi rights.